She includes problems such as diaper rash, fever, colds, and infections to the skin, such as scaly scalp and thrush. Gaskin concludes the section with what to do if the infant dies. She states in that conclusion that the best way to heal from the death of a child is to let yourself feel the loss and grieve, as well as staying close to those you love. She states that the job of a midwife is to put the health of the woman and the fetus , and later, the infant, above all else.
She also says that a spiritual midwife treats all women and infants the same regardless of their size, shape, color, or heritage. Next, she describes, in both images and words, the anatomies of a fetus and its placenta. Gaskin then discusses how midwives should care for women before birth, including the equipment midwives need and how to give a pregnant woman her first checkup.
She then explains how to prepare the woman for labor. Gaskin discusses how a midwife manages a normal labor and instructs readers on how to deal with complications that may arise. She begins by describing signs that indicate when a woman is ready to go into labor and when her labor actually begins. Gaskin states that there are several stages of labor. She goes on to explain the different stages of labor and what they each entail, as well as how to manage each stage.
Gaskin states that the first stage of labor is the time from the first contractions of true labor to when the cervix is fully dilated, or open, to ten centimeters. The cervix is a tube of tissue that connects the uterus to the vagina. The cervix needs to expand, or open, for the fetus to travel from the uterus to the vagina , where it can be birthed.
Then she describes the second stage of labor, the time from the full dilation of the cervix to the time the infant is born. Finally, she states that the third stage is the delivery of the placenta , or afterbirth. In the third stage, the placenta that fed the fetus during pregnancy is no longer useful to the woman and so it too is birthed.
Gaskin describes various birthing situations such as breech births, multiple births, and complications such as face presentation, when the baby is born face first. She then describes the care the infant and woman should receive one day following the birth, as well as the following week. Gaskin explains how to manage any injuries to the woman or infant, as well as any complications or unusual situations during birth. Gaskin mentions possible complications after birth, such as the woman having injuries to her reproductive organs or the infant not breathing immediately after birth.
Finally, Gaskin describes abnormalities and diseases that may be present in either the woman or fetus. She also lists equipment and supplies she uses in her midwifery practice such as surgical scissors, tweezers, exam gloves, and a speculum. Gaskin also describes skills needed for practitioners such as how to take blood pressure and give injections. Gaskin then gives examples of how to keep records including prenatal information, birthing records, and infant physicals. She also provides tables used to estimate the due date of the fetus , conversion tables from pounds to grams and Celsius to Fahrenheit, as well as a chart for clinical estimation of gestational age.
Gaskin provides those charts to assist in keeping records. Lastly, Gaskin gives statistics from to for midwives at the Farm in Summertown.
Those statistics include the total number of births managed by the Farm midwives, which was listed as 1, births. Of the 1, births, Gaskin writes that 1, were home births, meaning that the women did not give birth in a hospital. She also lists other categories such as the number of breech births, twin births, and vaginal births in which she used medical tools such as forceps or vacuum extraction, and the number of pregnancies that had various complications.
Gaskin also states between and , the maternal mortality at the Farm was zero, and infant mortality was thirteen, with five fetuses dying from lethal abnormalities. The first edition released in , the second in , the third in , and finally, the fourth in First of all we needed permission from our course director to attend.
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