Voltage converter circuit

Pins 3 and 4 are connected to ground. The input frequency is given at pin 6 and the output voltage is taken from pin 1. The input frequency is differentiated by using the resistor R7 and capacitor C3 and then the resultant pulse train goes to pin 6.

The timer circuit gets triggered by the built-in comparator circuit in the IC when the negative edge of the pulse train appears at pin 6. The current flowing out of pin 6 is proportional to the values of capacitor C1 and resistor R1 which are also known as the timing components and the input frequency. Therefore we get the output voltage across the resistor R4 which is proportional to the frequency of the input. The value of the resistor R3 is dependent upon the supply voltage.

These converters are used in wide range of applications such as communication, power control, measurement and instrumentation systems etc. A digital tachometer is an electronic device which measures the rate of rotation of a wheel.

They display the rate of rotation in the form of voltage which is why a frequency to voltage converter is required in them. The diagram below shows a digital tachometer. The rate of occurrence of some events can be measured by a rate meter. It counts the events for a certain time period and then divides the number of events by the total time and hence we get a rate.

This is the theory of operation of a simple tachometer. We are using an IC LM for this tachometer circuit. The capacitors C1 and C2 and the resistor R1 have specific values according to the circuit requirements. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed. Skip to content. Name required. Email required. Abhishek Singh. This article explains the operating principles of — and shows practical examples of — each of these four basic types of circuits.

The simplest AC-to-DC power conversion circuit is the basic half-wave rectifying type shown in Figure 1 , which depicts a circuit that uses a transformer with a secondary voltage value of V rms. Basic details of a simple V half-wave rectified DC power supply. This circuit produces a positive output voltage, but can be made to generate a negative output voltage by simply reversing the polarities of D1 and C1.

Figure 2 shows such a circuit, driven from the secondary winding of a V transformer. The circuit can be made to generate a negative rather than positive output voltage by simply reversing the polarities of C1-D1 and D2-C2.

In the mid s a modified version of the voltage multiplier was designed to overcome this snag. Known as the Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier, it uses standard voltage-doubler stages interconnected in the manner shown in Figure 5. This three-stage Cockcroft-Walton circuit gives x6 voltage multiplication. A weakness of the Cockcroft-Walton voltage multiplier is that its output impedance is rather high it is proportional to the sum of the impedances of the various input capacitors , and it can thus supply only small output currents.

In practice, this type of voltage multiplier was originally designed simply to generate a very high up to about 30KV accelerator voltage on the final anode of cathode-ray tubes, an application which requires very little energizing current.

Note that a stage circuit of this type — when driven by a V AC input — generates a DC output of over 14KV, but the components used in each stage have minimum voltage rating requirements of less than 1. Figure 6 shows a practical demonstration circuit of this type. The circuit can use any supply in the range 5V to 15V. In practice, the prototype circuit gives an output of In cases where very large step-up ratios are required as, for example, when hundreds of volts must be generated via a 6V to 12V supply , it is often better to use the output of a low-voltage oscillator or squarewave generator to drive a step-up voltage transformer, which then provides the required high-value voltage in AC form on its secondary output winding; this AC voltage can easily be converted back to DC via a simple rectifier-filter network.

Larly useful in single supply circuits. A solid level shift voltage can easily be implemented using a voltage divider. So I have to convert this current to voltage. That means it supplies a current from a positive terminal and can drive a remote shunt in a Measuring Instrument. The other end of the shunt returns to gnd or low. More than one instrument can be connected in series if the the sum of the voltage drops in the instrument shunts are much less than the voltage 12V of the current source.