Make sure hook assemblies operate with ease, no rust or deformities. Standard for automotive apparatus sets minimum lengths and types of ladders to be carried on all pumpers.
What ladders should be carried on all pumpers. Straight ladder with roof hooks Extension Ladder Attic Ladder. Aerial Apparatus must have the following ladders. On a ladder firefighters must be placed no closer than.
Use a leg lock or ladder belt to. Rules of thumb for ladder length. Extend the ladder rungs above the roof edge Place the tip of the ladder even with the top of the window and to the upwind side for ventilation place the tip of the ladder just below the window sill for rescue from a window.
Who gives command to lift ladder. Who determines exact placement of ladder. Types of Ladder Carries. One Firefighter Low Shoulder single or roof ladders 2 Firefighter Low Shoulder single, roof, extension laddrs up to 35 feet 3 firefighter flat shoulder extension ladders up to 35 feet 4 firefighter flat shoulder carry same as 3 ff 2 Firefighter arms length on edge light ladders on bed section side.
Carry a roof ladder. Gasoline or hydraulically driven blower device used primarily to expel smoke from burning buildings. Sometimes used to blow fresh air into a building to assist in purging smoke or other contaminents. Smoke Ejector. When using a ladder to hold a smoke ejector place it. Fly Out. Secure the halyard with a. Clove hitch and saftey knot. Wooden Ladders are typically placed. Fly In. Lowering an unconscious victim.
Can be done with victim facing in or out resting on rescuers knee, keep legs outside of beams to avoid entanglement. Or place one arm under victims arm and another under vistims leg.
The systematic removal of heated air, smoke, and fire gases from a burning building and replacing them with cooler air. Natural Vertical Horizontal Mechanical. Why should you never direct a hose stream into a ventillation opening before the fire has been controlled. Doing so may compromise ventillation and put fire crews in danger. Ceiling Jets and Mushrooming. Ceiling jets are a more tchnical term for mushrooming.
Considerations affecting the need to ventillate. Is there a need to ventilate at his time based on moke, heat Where is ventillation needed? What type of ventillation should be used? Do fire and structural condiions allow for safe roof openings? Are your personnel trained enough to do the ventillaion? Phenomenon oa a strong air draft moving from ground level to the roof level of abuilding. Affected by building height, configuration, and temperature differences between inside and outside air.
Stack Effect. How is the personnel involved in in firefighting operations different between low-rise and high rise buildings? You typically need 4 to 6 times the amount of personnel. Stair Well. Engineered trusses in roofs. Single cut made the width of a saw blade made in a roof to check for fire extension.
Kerf Cut. Rectangular exit opening cut in a roof, allowing a section of roof deck to be tilted thus creating an opening similar to a louver. Louver or vent cut. Horizontal member between trusses that supports the roof.
Defensive tactic that involves cuttin an exit opening in the roof of a burning building , extending from one outside wall to the other, to create an opening which a spreading fire may be cut off. Trench Ventillation. Technique used to develop artificial circulation and to pull smoke out of a structure.
Negative -Pressure Ventillation. Smoke churns when a smoke ejector is not properly sealed witha asalvage cover in the window. In PPV how far should blower be placed from doorway? Method of ventillating a fire building by directing a fog stream of water out a window to increase air and smoke movement. Hydraulic Ventilation. Flat Roof are found on. Commercial, Industrial, Appartment Buildings and some single family residences. Advantages of forced ventilation. Firefighters need to know the following in regards to pressure in a water supply system.
Three methods of moving water in a water supply system. Water supply system supplied by a series of pumps rather than elevated storage tanks. Direct Pumping System. How much higher must the water source of a gravity fed water system be than the highest point of water in the system to be considered effective.
Fire hydrant that receives water from two or more directions. Circulating Feed. Water main arranged in a complete circuit so that water will be supplied to a given point from more than one direction. Also called circle system, circulating system, or belt system. Loop System. Wate system's network of underground pipes.
Fire hydrant that receives water from only one direction. Dead End Hydrant. A distribution system that provides circulating feed from all directions is called a. Grid System. Large Mains, with widespread spacing, that convey large quantities of water to various points in the system for distribution to secondaryfeeders and smaller mains. Primary Feeder. Network of intermediate-sized mains that subdivide the grid within various loops of primary feeders and supply the distributors.
Secondary Feeders. Grid arrangement of smaller mains serving individual fire hydrants or blocks of consumers. Recommended size for fire hydrant mains in residential Areas. Recommended size for fire hydrant mains in commercial Areas. Recommended size for fire hydrant mains in principal streets and in long mains not cross-connected at frequent intervals.
A type of control valve for sprinkler systems in which the position of the center screw indicates whether the valve is open or closed. A type of valve used to control underground water mains that provides a visual means for indicating "open" or "shut" position.
Found n the supply main of installed fire protection systems. Post Indicator Valve. Control valve with a solid plate operated by a handle and screw mechanism. Gate Valve. Type of control valve that uses a flat circular plate in the pipe which rotates ninety degrees across the cross section of the pipe to control flow.
Butterfly Valve. Three pressures that are of concern in a water distribution system. Potential energy that is available to force water through pipes. Pressure at a point in a water system when no water is flowing. Static Pressure. Pressure at the test hydrant while water is flowing from another nearby hydrant. Residual Pressure. Pressure created by the rate of flow or velocity of water coming from a discharge opening. In general all fire bonnets, barrels, and foot pieces are made of.
Cast Iron. Internal parts of hydrants are made of. These type of hydrants are avilable whenever there are prolonged periods of subfreezing temps. Dry Barrel. Who oversees the installation of fire hydrants. Water Dept Personnel. Light Blue Hydrant Specs. Class AA gpm or greater. Green Hydrants. Class A - gpm. Orange Hydrants. Class B - Red Hydrants. Fire Hydrant Testing. Instrument that is inserted into a flowing fluid to measure the velocity pressure of the stream.
Standard on water supplies for suburban and rural firefighting. Water shuttles are recommended for distances of over. Portable water tanks should hold. Point at which a fire dept can connect into a standpipe or sprinkler to boost the waterflow into the system. Flexible tube used by firefighters to carry water or other extinguishing agents under pressure from a source of supply to a point of application.
Fire Hose. Most Common Types of Fire Hose. Woven Jacket Hose. Type of hose that is Polymer Covered Polymer Lined. Impregnated Single Jacket. The size of a fire hose refers to its. Inside Diameter. Common Sizes of Fire Hose. Pieces of fire hose are referred to as. Lengths or Sections. Large diameter collapsible fire hose used to connect a pumper to a pressurized water source. Soft Intake Hose. Flexible rubber hose reinforced with a steel core to prevent collapse from atmospheric pressure.
Hard Intake Hose. NFPA standard for fire hose. NFPA standard for fire hose connection. NFPA standard states that a pumper must carry how much hose. What do you do to keep hose liner from drying out. Woven jacketed hose is subject to dangers from mold and mildew. How to clean hose exposed to chemicals. Wash hose with rubber hose and hard intake hose wih. If hose has been exposed to oil. Male Side of Coupling. Has rocker lugs on shank No lugs on female shank.
Part of coupling that serves as a point of attachment to the hose. Shank Tailpiece, Bowl, Shell. Three types of lugs. Pin not common Rocker Recessed booster. Special cut at the beginning of the thread on a hose coupling that provides positive identification of the first thread to eliminate cross-threading.
Higbee Cut On threads. Notches or grooves cut into coupling lugs to identify by touch or sight the exact location of the higbee cut. Higbee Indicators On Lugs. Storz Couplings Unlock with. Used to make connection water tight between female and male threaded connections. Swivel Gasket. Used at the end of the hose where the hose is expanded into the shank of the coupling. Expansion Ring Gasket. Any piece of hardware used in conjunction with fire hose for the purpose of delivering water.
Hose Appliance water flows through appliances not tools. Used in pumper discharges and gated wyes. Ball valves. Used to control water flow from a hydrant. Has a baffle that is moved by handle and screw arrangement. Used on large pump intakes and incorporate a flat baffle that turns 90 degrees. Used in siamese appliances. Hose appliance with one female inlet and two or more male outlets.
Wye Gated Wye is valve controlled. Combines 2 or more hoselines into one. Water Thief T in wildland connections. Another name for Large Diameter Hose Appliances. Portable Hydrants Phantom Pumpers. Allows additional pumpers to connect to a hydrant without losin pressure. Hydrant Valves. Fitting for connecting hoses with dissimilar threads.
Adapter used to attach a smaller hose to a larger hose. Protect threads on male discharge outlets. Female inlets areHO capped with. Hose Plugs. Can be applied to a hose to temporarily repair a rupture or leak in a hose. Hose Jacket. Prevent mechanical damage to hoselines that cross windowsills or wall parapets. Hose Rollers. Hose Tools water doesn't flow through these.
When do you use a straight roll. When loaded back on apparatus at fire scene When returned to quarters for washing Storage. Can be used to reduce stress on the nozzle operator and improve the mobility of a charged hoseline. Hose Straps. Use this roll where fire hose is likely to be deployed for use directly from a roll. Donut Roll. This roll can be slung together with webbing and can be used in high rise applications.
Twin Donut Roll. Arrangement of hose usually placed on top of a hose load and conected to the end of the load. Accordian Flat Horsehoe.
Changes direction of coupling changes the location of a coupling. Arrangement of fire hose in a hose bed in which the hose lies on edge with the flods adjacent to one another. Accordian Load ease of loading and shoulder carry. Arrangement of fire hose in a hose bed or compartment in which the hose lies on edhe in the form of a horshoe.
Horshoe Load. Hose Load Finishes 2 Categories. Those for forward lays Straight Finish Reverse Lays reverse horseshoe, skid load. This load is adaptable for varying widths of hose beds and is often used in transverse beds. Preconnected flat load. This load has hose folded in three layers. Pulled by one person. Triple Layer Load. This type of load can be carried and advanced by one person.
Carried on the shoulder. Minuteman Load. Hose lay deployed by two pumpers, one doing a forward lay the second doing a reverse lay. Split Lay.
One of the quickest and easiest ways to move hose at ground level. The working line drag. Preservice tests on fire apparatus or equipment performed at the factory or after delivery to ensure the purchaser that the apparatus or equipment meets bid specifications.
Acceptance Testing. Series of tests performed on equipment to ensure their readiness. Service Test. How many components make up threaded couplings. What is the easiest supply hose load to load. Flat Load. When replacing a burst section of hose how many additional sections should be used to replace one burst section. Test for fire hose that should not be attempted by fire dept personnel and exerts pressures much higher than those in the field.
Extinguishing qualities of water. Visible form of steam. Quantity of heat absorbed by a substance at the point at which it changes from a liquid to a vapor. Latent heat of vaporization. Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass as opposed to a fog or spray stream. Produced by a solid bore nozzle. Solid Stream not to be confused with a straight stream.
Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control. Fog Stream. Stream of water that has been broken into coarsely divided drops. Broken Stream. That part or total pressure that is lost while forcing water through pipes, fittings,fire hose, and adapters. Friction Loss. Discharges less than 40 gpm including those fed by booseter lines. Low-Volume Stream. Handline stream flows greater than gpm not recommended.
Master Stream. Fire Streams. Fire Stream Patterns. Solid Fog Broken. A stream that does not lose its continuity until it reaches the point where it loses forward velocity. These streams operate at lower pressures. Solid Stream. When spraying enegized electrical equipment. Dont use solid streams. Use fog streams with at least psi. Types of streams created with fog nozzles. The designed operating pressure of most combination nozzles. Cellar nozzle is an example of a.
Valve control that seats a movable cylinder against a shaped cone to turn off the flow of water. Slide Valve. Consists of an exterior barrel guided by a screw that moves it forward or backward, rotating around an interior barrel. Rotary Control Valve. Act of creating a barrier between the fuel and the fire. Reduction of heat by the quenching action or heat absorption of the extinguishing agent.
Act of excluding oxygen from a fuel. Flammable liquids that have an attraction for water, much like positive magnetic pole attracts a negative pole. Polar Solvents. Lowers the surface tension of water and allows it to penetrate deep seated fires. Raw foam liquid before the introduction of water and air. Foam concentrate. Device that introduces foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution.
Foam Proportioner. Mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air. Foam Solution. Completed product after air is introduced into the foam solution. Foam concentrate that combines the qualitites of fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam. Process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle proportioner.
Water is drawn into the water stream via the venturi method. Eduction part of induction. Method of proportioning foam that uses an external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the correct ratio for the flow desired. Mechanocal blower generator that is similar in appearance to a smoke ejector. Mechanical Blower Generator. Eductor that is placed along the length of a hoseline.
In-Line Eductor. Foam Application Techniques. Roll-On spray in front and foam rolls onto fuel Bank-Down spray object near fuel, foam banks down object onto fire Rain Down used on large fires or spills. Which type of foam is commonly used at the rate of or through hydralically operated nozzle delivery systems.
Medium Expansion. What is the best appliance for the generation of low expansion foam. Air aspirating foam nozzle. Class B foams are best used on what two types of flammable liquids. Solid bore nozzles and foam.
These nozzles can be used to produce a short acting low expansion foam. Medium Expansion Foam. High expansion foam. Start fire attack here. For interior firefighting what is the smallest handline to be used. A fire that you cannot see from the doowrway because objects are shielding it.
Shielded Fire. When gas cooling what do you set the fog nozzle at. Technique for gas cooling. Attack method that involves discharge of water or a foam stream directly onto burning fuel. Direct attack. Applying short burts of water directly onto the fire in a direct attack until the fire "darkens down" is known as. TEchnique used to cool hot surfaces to slow or stop the pyrolysis process by gently applying water and allowing it to run over the hot material. Directing fire streams toward a ceiling of a room or building in order to generate a large amount of steam.
Indirect Attack. Battling a fire using an indirect and direct attack. Combination Attack. Biggest difference between direct and indirect attack. Direct is started inside compartment wheile indirest is started outside compartment. When to use master streams. Master streams should enter structure so they bounce of ceilings. What are the smallest hoselines used to supply a master stream.
Most common aerial devices. Pumper with a hydraulically operated extension ladder with a pump. Pumper with a hydraulically operated extension ladder. Aerial Ladder feet. A power operated aerial device that combines an aerial ladder with a personnel carrying platform supported at the end of a ladder.
Aerial Ladder Platform. Aerial device in which the structural member support is hinged and operates in a folding manner. Articulating Aerial Platform. Pumpers equipped with hydraulically operated booms.
Water Towers 50 - feet. Liquids that have flash points of less than degrees farenheit. Flammable Liquids Gasoline and Acetone. Flammable liquids with flash points higher than degrees farenheit. Rapid vaporization of a liquid stored under pressure upon release to the atmosphere following major failure of its containing vessel.
Method most often used to control flammable liquid fires. Applying Foam. Using water to Control Class B Fires. Cooling Agent Mechanical Tool sweeping back and forth to move fuel Crew Protection shutting off control valves. What happens to natural gas that leaks underground in wet soil. Can lose its odorant. Natural gas in its pure form is called. Methane non toxic and lighter than air. Natural gas is explosive in concentrations between.
Another name for liquefied Petroleum Gas. Two main types of LPG. LPG charactersitcs. Heavier than air. If gas is burning from a broken gas pipe what do you do. Instructor Resources. Websites and online courses. Other Student Resources. Previous editions.
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